MURFREESBORO, Tenn. —
Three years of investigation conducted by a Middle Tennessee State University chemistry researcher, two of his
graduate students and three researchers from the National Institute of
Standards and Technology has led to a unique design for monitoring acetaminophen (a common ingredient in
pain medications) to prevent overdose, resulting in liver damage.
The findings by associate professor Charles Chusuei, doctoral student Raja Ram Pandey, master’s student Hussain Alshahrani (Class of 2017) and the other science scholars
made the inside cover for the May issue of Electroanalysis,
an international journal devoted to electroanalysis, sensors and bioelectronic
devices. It was published online in February.
The group made the discovery through electrochemical
detection of acetaminophen with silicon nanowires, which are made out of
silicon, a semi-conducting element, deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes to
produce the sensing device.
Researchers in this study also include Sergiy Krylyuk, Elissa H.
Williams and Albert V. Davydov
of the Materials Science and Engineering Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg,
Maryland.
Acetaminophen, a widely used painkiller and fever reducer,
is one of the most commonly found pharmaceuticals in a household and among the
most frequently identified contaminants in sewage and surface water, according
to a 2013 article in the Scientific American magazine, citing an International
Joint (U.S. and Canada) Commission report.
In addition to acetaminophen, the scientists tested the
function of the sensor for detecting other chemical species that also exist in
the body — glucose, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), hydrogen peroxide, folic acid,
uric acid and a second dose of acetaminophen — to ensure that their presence
would not result in false positive measurements, Chusuei said.
Liver failure can occur if people overdose on acetaminophen,
a common ingredient in Tylenol and other pain medications.
The researchers have produced an electrode that can measure
acetaminophen concentrations in real time. The device works by inducing a
chemical reaction at the electrode surface that generates an electrical signal.
The signal is then interpreted by a computer to determine chemical
concentration.
“The sensor has potential application for monitoring
toxicity in blood, detecting acetaminophen overdose,” Chusuei said.
“Acetaminophen toxicity is a common cause of unintentional poisoning.”
Chusuei, a dedicated researcher and faculty member since
arriving on campus in 2010, said he gains a “positive feeling” from the results
and “it’s nice to have the preliminary data to prove we can do future
grant-funded work.”
It marks another milestone for him in having research
published and making the cover of the journal “was a surprise result.” At an
editor’s request, Chusuei spent about two days designing a graphic for the cover.
Chusuei calls Pandey, who is a molecular biosciences grad
student, “the mover and shaker on this project” and said other undergraduate
students “could very well participate in this work.”
In their Science
Building laboratory, they use a Faraday cage to screen out any electrical
noise from the environment to obtain their experimental results.
For Pandey, the results became “a good outcome for analyzing
acetaminophen concentrations at therapeutic and toxic levels in solution.” He
said the “experience has helped me to expand my research skills for studying
fundamental scientific principles.”
“I am really satisfied being the primary research student in
this project, although a lot of patience is required,” he added. “Designing the
experiments, getting the results and publishing them are actually exciting
events for me.”
In addition to research, Chusuei teaches “Introduction to
General Chemistry” (CHEM 1010), “Chemistry and Crime” (CHEM 1030) and “Bioanalytical
Chemistry” (CHEM 4550/4551) as well as other courses in the master’s-level
chemistry and molecular biosciences Ph.D. programs.
Chusuei acknowledges support from the MTSU Faculty Research and Creative Activity
Committee and to Joyce Miller of
MTSU’s Microanalysis and Imaging Center,
or MIMIC, located in the Science
Building, which led to obtaining key images of the silicon nanowires.
Krylyuk acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of
Commerce/National Institute of Standards and Technology.
To learn more about the chemistry department, call
615-898-2956. To learn more about MTSU research endeavors, visit http://www.mtsu.edu/research/
and http://www.mtsu.edu/urc/
for undergraduate research.
MTSU has more than 240
combined undergraduate and graduate programs. Chemistry is one of 11 College of Basic and
Applied Sciences departments.
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